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Wireless sensors that stick to the skin to track our health

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Now, Stanford engineers have developed a way to detect physiological signals emanating from the skin with sensors that stick like band-aids and beam wireless readings to a receiver clipped onto clothing.

To demonstrate this wearable technology, the researchers stuck sensors to the wrist and abdomen of one test subject to monitor the person’s pulse and respiration by detecting how their skin stretched and contracted with each heartbeat or breath. Likewise, stickers on the person’s elbows and knees tracked arm and leg motions by gauging the minute tightening or relaxation of the skin each time the corresponding muscle flexed.

Zhenan Bao, the chemical engineering professor whose lab described the system in an Aug. 15 article in Nature Electronics, thinks this wearable technology, which they call BodyNet, will first be used in medical settings such as monitoring patients with sleep disorders or heart conditions. Her lab is already trying to develop new stickers to sense sweat and other secretions to track variables such as body temperature and stress. Her ultimate goal is to create an array of wireless sensors that stick to the skin and work in conjunction with smart clothing to more accurately track a wider variety of health indicators than the smart phones or watches consumers use today.

“We think one day it will be possible to create a full-body skin-sensor array to collect physiological data without interfering with a person’s normal behavior,” said Bao, who is also the K.K. Lee Professor in the School of Engineering.

Stretchable, comfortable, functional
Postdoctoral scholars Simiao Niu and Naoji Matsuhisa led the 14-person team that spent three years designing the sensors. Their goal was to develop a technology that would be comfortable to wear and have no batteries or rigid circuits to prevent the stickers from stretching and contracting with the skin.

Their eventual design met these parameters with a variation of the RFID — radiofrequency identification — technology used to control keyless entry to locked rooms. When a person holds an ID card up to an RFID receiver, an antenna in the ID card harvests a tiny bit of RFID energy from the receiver and uses this to generate a code that it then beams back to the receiver.

The BodyNet sticker is similar to the ID card: It has an antenna that harvests a bit of the incoming RFID energy from a receiver on the clothing to power its sensors. It then takes readings from the skin and beams them back to the nearby receiver.

But to make the wireless sticker work, the researchers had to create an antenna that could stretch and bend like skin. They did this by screen-printing metallic ink on a rubber sticker. However, whenever the antenna bent or stretched, those movements made its signal too weak and unstable to be useful.

To get around this problem, the Stanford researchers developed a new type of RFID system that could beam strong and accurate signals to the receiver despite constant fluctuations. The battery-powered receiver then uses Bluetooth to periodically upload data from the stickers to a smartphone, computer or other permanent storage system.

The initial version of the stickers relied on tiny motion sensors to take respiration and pulse readings. The researchers are now studying how to integrate sweat, temperature and other sensors into their antenna systems.

To move their technology beyond clinical applications and into consumer-friendly devices, the researchers need to overcome another challenge — keeping the sensor and receiver close to each other. In their experiments, the researchers clipped a receiver on clothing just above each sensor. One-to-one pairings of sensors and receivers would be fine in medical monitoring, but to create a BodyNet that someone could wear while exercising, antennas would have to be woven into clothing to receive and transmit signals no matter where a person sticks a sensor.

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Materials provided by Stanford University.
Original written by Tom Abate.
Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Offering children a variety of vegetables increases acceptance

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“In Australia, dietary guidelines for vegetable consumption by young children have increased although actual consumption is low,” said lead author Astrid A.M. Poelman, PhD, CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Sensory, Flavour and Consumer Science, North Ryde, Australia. “This study introduces an effective strategy for parents wanting to address this deficiency.”

This study recruited 32 families with children between the ages of four and six where low consumption of vegetables was reported. Parents completed an online survey and attended an information meeting prior to participating. Three groups were created: children introduced to a single vegetable; children to receive multiple vegetables; and a group where eating habits were not changed.

Study data were collected in several ways: two dinner meals served at the research facility during which children could eat as much of the broccoli, cauliflower and green beans as they wished; changes to actual vegetables consumed at home, childcare or school recorded through food diaries; and parents reporting on usual vegetable consumption.

Strategies of offering vegetables were parent led and home based. Families introducing one vegetable served broccoli and families trying multiple vegetables served broccoli, zucchini and peas. Parents were provided with a voucher to purchase the vegetables and given instructions on portion size and cooking instructions along with tips on how to offer the vegetables. Children were served a small piece of vegetable three times a week for five weeks. A sticker was given as a reward to children trying a vegetable.

There was no difference between groups at the start of the study for any of the methods measured. The dinner meal, during which the children ate without parents present, did not increase consumption perhaps due to an unfamiliar setting. Vegetable acceptance increased for both the single and multiple vegetable groups during the intervention. Families that offered multiple vegetables recorded an increase in consumption from .6 to 1.2 servings, while no change in consumption was observed in families serving a single vegetable or families that did not change their eating habits. Increased acceptance for multiple vegetables was noted during the five weeks of the study and sustained at three-month followup. Following the study parents reported that offering the vegetables was “very easy” or “quite easy” with the majority following the instructions provided by the study.

Dr. Poelman recommended, “While the amount of vegetables eaten increased during the study, the amount did not meet dietary guidelines. Nonetheless, the study showed the strategy of offering a variety of vegetables was more successful in increasing consumption than offering a single vegetable.”

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Materials provided by Elsevier.
Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

High-protein bedtime snacks no problem for active women

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In a study of women weight lifters, nutrition scientists at FSU showed that protein consumption before bed compared to protein consumption during the day does not disturb overnight belly fat metabolism or whole-body fat burn.

The findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, challenge widespread misconceptions about the relationship between nighttime eating, weight gain and metabolism, especially in women.

“For far too long, people have been led to believe that eating before bed causes metabolic disturbances and will make them gain fat,” said study author Michael Ormsbee, an associate professor in the College of Human Sciences and the associate director of the FSU Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine. “However, the data simply does not support this when the food we choose to eat before bed is protein-based and small in size.”

While past research has uncovered substantial benefits of nighttime protein consumption, most existing work on the topic focuses exclusively on men. In this study, Ormsbee and his team used two experimental conditions to investigate fat metabolism in a sample of women weight trainers.

In one condition, the study participants drank a casein protein shake 30 minutes after a workout and a taste-matched placebo shake 30 minutes before bed. In the other condition, the participants drank the shakes in the reverse order.

“We wanted to investigate how drinking a protein shake before bed influenced overnight metabolism of fat in fit women as compared to taking that protein shake at another time of day,” Ormsbee said.

Researchers then deployed a strategic measurement approach designed to comprehensively assess the full, multistep process of overnight fat metabolism. First, they documented participants’ lipolysis — or fat release from fat cells — in order to determine whether the timing of protein consumption was linked to cells’ ability to unleash stored fat into surrounding tissue.

Then, the team used breath sample measurements to evaluate participants’ fat oxidation, or their bodies’ capacity to burn the fat released as energy in the muscles.

Scientists have long known that protein consumption paired with exercise can help trigger the release of fat by cells, said study co-author and former FSU doctoral student Brittany Allman, who wrote her dissertation on this study. She and her partners were eager to identify whether, in an active resistance training population, there were any additive effects of protein consumption before bedtime — a window of accelerated fat release.

The team’s measurements revealed that, for women who lift weights, the well-known benefits of a nighttime, high-protein snack far outweigh the costs.

“In women who weight train, there are no differences in overnight local belly fat metabolism or whole-body fat burn whether you eat protein in the form of a protein shake during the day post-workout or at night presleep,” said Allman, now a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center. “So, essentially, you can eat protein before bed and not disturb fat metabolism.”

Allman said she hopes this study and subsequent follow-up investigations will help demystify the science of women’s nighttime eating and clear away harmful, unfounded beliefs.

“There are such bad misconceptions about eating at night, that it will ‘make me gain weight’ or ‘slow my metabolism,'” she said. “The research suggests that really only holds true if you’re eating a ton of calories and they are carbohydrate- and/or fat-laden. There are so many potential beneficial effects of eating protein at night, and it will be extremely important to take all of this science to the community to try to change the outlook of these dietary habits.”

This research was funded by the Florida State University College of Human Sciences Dissertation Award Program, the Florida State University Graduate School Dissertation Research Grant, Dymatize Nutrition Sport Performance Institute and FreislandCampina.

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Materials provided by Florida State University.
Original written by Zachary Boehm.
Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
www.sciencedaily.com

GreenSpace Brands Announces 1058 New Facings

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GreenSpace Brands Inc. (“the Company”) (TSXV: JTR) today announced that it has won significant new distribution for up to 6 SKU’s in nearly 2000 stores in one of the largest US retail chains, and placed 17th on Canadian Business’ Growth 500 list of Canada’s fastest-growing companies.

The distribution win brings 1058 new facings in Kroger stores across the US, including 716 new stores for the Go Veggie Classic Plain Cream Cheese and 342 new stores for the Go Veggie Lactose-free Monterey Jack and Cheddar shreds. The distribution wins come from an annual review of the plant-based cheese category.

“This distribution win is another example of the success that Go Veggie has started to see in the US retail of late, even before we’ve made any major changes to the branding. The products themselves are world-class and with some tweaks to formulas and the branding, our expectation is that Go Veggie will start to see double-digit growth in the near future” says Matthew von Teichman, CEO of GreenSpace Brands. “With the upcoming launch of Riot Eats!, we will have both an incumbent brand with broad-based support and loyalty in Go Veggie, as well as a super exciting new brand in the plant-based cheese world that is Organic and non GMO, and melts better than almost any other product in the market, in Riot Eats!.”

GreenSpace was also named to the Canadian Business ‘Growth 500’ list of Canada’s fastest-growing companies, coming in at #17 on that list. This represents the 4th consecutive year GreenSpace has made the list and the 2nd straight year in the top 20. GreenSpace grew 4529% over the last 5 year period.

Related Links
greenspacebrands.com

Nut Molecules May Help Improve Inflammatory and Metabolic Profile of Fat Cells

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The study also revealed novel anti-inflammatory functions of these nuts.

Obesity is an enlargement of adipose tissue to store excess energy intake. Excessive calorie intake may lead to the formation of fat cells, promoting their deterioration (aging) by increasing the production of proinflammatory molecules. Low grade inflammation is a key factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obesity.

This study characterized miRNAs (small nucleic acids involved in the regulation of gene expression) vehicled by nanovesicles (emerging players in cell-to-cell communication) isolated from walnuts and hazelnuts, and tested their effectiveness on inflammatory and metabolic profile in fat cells.

Researchers found that two conserved plant miRs (miR156c and miR159a) were able to limit inflammatory response and recover insulin sensitivity in obese mice (fed with a high fat diet). Results suggest that nut miRs improve metabolic profile of fat cells and reveal a novel anti-inflammatory function of plant foods (including nuts) as promising therapeutics to treat low-grade inflammation.

“Our research has identified nut nucleic acids that, thanks to their high bioavailability and anti-inflammatory action, are able to limit the development of metabolic diseases linked to obesity” states Dr. Lettieri Barbato, researcher at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” and principal investigator of this study.

This study was supported by the INC.

References:
1 Aquilano K., Ceci V., Gismondi A., De Stefano S., Iacovelli F., Faraonio R., …& Lettieri-Barbato D. (2019). Adipocyte metabolism is improved by TNF receptor-targeting small RNAs identified from dried nuts. Communications Biology, 2:317.

SOURCE INC International Nut and Dried Fruit CouncilRelated Links
https://www.nutfruit.org/

Scientists can now manipulate brain cells using smartphone

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Researchers, publishing in Nature Biomedical Engineering, believe the device can speed up efforts to uncover brain diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, addiction, depression, and pain.

The device, using Lego-like replaceable drug cartridges and powerful bluetooth low-energy, can target specific neurons of interest using drug and light for prolonged periods.

“The wireless neural device enables chronic chemical and optical neuromodulation that has never been achieved before,” said lead author Raza Qazi, a researcher with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and University of Colorado Boulder.

Qazi said this technology significantly overshadows conventional methods used by neuroscientists, which usually involve rigid metal tubes and optical fibers to deliver drugs and light. Apart from limiting the subject’s movement due to the physical connections with bulky equipment, their relatively rigid structure causes lesion in soft brain tissue over time, therefore making them not suitable for long-term implantation. Though some efforts have been put to partly mitigate adverse tissue response by incorporating soft probes and wireless platforms, the previous solutions were limited by their inability to deliver drugs for long periods of time as well as their bulky and complex control setups.

To achieve chronic wireless drug delivery, scientists had to solve the critical challenge of exhaustion and evaporation of drugs. Researchers from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and the University of Washington in Seattle collaborated to invent a neural device with a replaceable drug cartridge, which could allow neuroscientists to study the same brain circuits for several months without worrying about running out of drugs.

These ‘plug-n-play’ drug cartridges were assembled into a brain implant for mice with a soft and ultrathin probe (thickness of a human hair), which consisted of microfluidic channels and tiny LEDs (smaller than a grain of salt), for unlimited drug doses and light delivery.

Controlled with an elegant and simple user interface on a smartphone, neuroscientists can easily trigger any specific combination or precise sequencing of light and drug deliveries in any implanted target animal without need to be physically inside the laboratory. Using these wireless neural devices, researchers could also easily set up fully automated animal studies where the behaviour of one animal could positively or negatively affect behavior in other animals by the conditional triggering of light and/or drug delivery.

“This revolutionary device is the fruit of advanced electronics design and powerful micro and nanoscale engineering,” said Jae-Woong Jeong, a professor of electrical engineering at KAIST. “We are interested in further developing this technology to make a brain implant for clinical applications.”

Michael Bruchas, a professor of anesthesiology and pain medicine and pharmacology at the University of Washington School of Medicine, said this technology will help researchers in many ways.

“It allows us to better dissect the neural circuit basis of behavior, and how specific neuromodulators in the brain tune behavior in various ways,” he said. “We are also eager to use the device for complex pharmacological studies, which could help us develop new therapeutics for pain, addiction, and emotional disorders.”

The researchers at the Jeong group at KAIST develop soft electronics for wearable and implantable devices, and the neuroscientists at the Bruchas lab at the University of Washington study brain circuits that control stress, depression, addiction, pain, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. This global collaborative effort among engineers and neuroscientists over a period of three consecutive years and tens of design iterations led to the successful validation of this powerful brain implant in freely moving mice, which researchers believe can truly speed up the uncovering of the brain and its diseases.

This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea, U.S. National Institute of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and Mallinckrodt Professorship.

Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Washington Health Sciences/UW Medicine.
Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
www.sciencedaily.com

New way to test for drug resistant infections

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Scientists have developed a method to test whether an infection is resistant to common antibiotics.

Beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin) are one of the most important classes of antibiotics, but resistance to them has grown to such an extent that doctors often avoid prescribing them in favor of stronger drugs.

Scientists from the University of York modified an antibiotic from the beta-lactam family so that it can be attached to a sensor, enabling them to detect the presence of bacteria resistant to treatment.

The new method could lead to clinicians being able to rapidly detect whether an infection is treatable with common antibiotics, reserving stronger alternatives for the patients that need them most.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat accelerated by the inappropriate use of antibiotics.

Co-author of the study, Callum Silver, a Ph.D. student from the Department of Electronic Engineering, said: “If we continue to use antibiotics in the way we currently do, we may find ourselves in a situation where we can no longer use antibiotics to treat patients — resulting in millions of deaths per year.

“This study paves the way for the development of tests which will give doctors important information on the bacteria they are dealing with so that common antibiotics can be used whenever possible. Resistance to new antibiotics can emerge very quickly after they come into use and so we need to reserve them for when they are really needed.

“The discovery may also help to identify and isolate resistant bacteria, reducing the chances of large outbreaks.”

One of the major ways in which bacteria become resistant to treatment is through the production of enzymes that can break down beta-lactam antibiotics, rendering them ineffective.

The researchers were able to test for the presence of these resistance enzymes by attaching the modified antibiotic to a sensor surface which enabled them to see whether or not the drug was broken down.

The researchers used multiple techniques to show that the drug is still accessible to the enzyme, meaning the modified antibiotic could be used to develop things like urine tests for AMR bacteria in patients.

Callum Silver added: “The lack of diagnostic techniques to inform doctors whether or not they are dealing with resistant bacteria contributes to the problem of AMR.”

“This modified antibiotic could be applied to a variety of different biosensing devices for use at the point-of-care.”

Dr. Steven Johnson, Reader in the University’s Department of Electronic Engineering, said: “This important study is the result of a close collaboration between physical, chemical and biological scientists at the University of York and lays the foundation for a new diagnostic test for drug resistant infections.

“We are now working with clinicians at York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust to integrate this modified antibiotic into a rapid diagnostic test for antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections.”

Story Source:
Materials provided by University of York. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Yoga regimen reduces severity of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

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According a study published in Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, eight weeks of intensive yoga practice significantly decreases the severity of physical and psychological symptoms in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a debilitating chronic auto-immune inflammatory disease. Marked improvements were seen in the levels of certain inflammatory biomarkers and assessments of functional status and disease activity in patients studied, demonstrating yoga’s promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative potential for achieving optimal health.

“Our findings show measurable improvements for the patients in the test group, suggesting an immune-regulatory role of yoga practice in the treatment of RA. An intensive yoga regimen concurrent with routine drug therapy induced molecular remission and re-established immunological tolerance. In addition, it reduced the severity of depression by promoting neuroplasticity,” explained lead investigator, Rima Dada, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. She noted that high disease activity and underlying depression are associated with increased disability, reduced quality of life, and minimized rates of clinical remission and treatment response.

The study was a mind-body intervention (MBI) randomized trial (with parallel active and control groups) to analyze the effects of practicing 120 minutes of yoga, five days a week for eight weeks on 72 RA patients. Both the test and control groups were simultaneously undergoing routine drug therapies (DMARDs). The findings show significant improvement in systemic biomarkers of neuroplasticity, inflammation, immune-modulation, cellular health integrity, and aging in association with the positive clinical outcome of reduction in depression severity, disease activity, and disability quotient in RA patients following the intensive yoga based MBI.

Existing research has evaluated the role of yoga as an effective intervention to assist the management of RA with respect to clinical symptoms, quality of life, psychosocial outcomes, and functional ability. This study is one of the first to look at how yoga practice affects the systemic biomarkers of inflammation, cellular aging, and oxidative stress, especially in RA. “Our results provide evidence that yoga positively modifies the pathobiology of autoimmunity at cellular and molecular levels by targeting mind-body communications. Further research is needed for the exploration of possible mechanisms underlying the cumulative effect of yoga on multiple pathways at a cellular level,” added Dr. Dada. “Yoga facilitates the mind’s capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms mediated though a variety of downstream pathways and bring about natural immunological tolerance.”

RA is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that results from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors and causes extensive systemic inflammation, cartilage damage, and synovial hyperplasia that cause physical disability and psychiatric comorbidity. The co-existence of depression and RA in individuals poses a significant healthcare burden on the patients, their caregivers, healthcare systems, and society as a whole. Existing medical therapies have a limited scope and fail to cure the psychological component of the disease and have numerous side effects. Depression seems to decrease patients’ compliance and adherence to medical treatment and results in worse health outcomes and increases disease severity. Improvement in psychological health and reductions in severity made the yoga group more compliant and able to perform more daily chores without much difficulty.

Dr. Dada concluded, “This study offers a new option. Pharmacological treatments can be supplemented with alternative and complementary interventions like yoga to alleviate the symptoms at both physical and psychosomatic levels.” With yoga based MBI providing a holistic treatment dimension, reaching a state of remission is becoming a more achievable treatment goal. As a majority of diseases have a psychosomatic component, this approach may be widely applicable.

Source: www.sciencedaily.com

Canadian Users of Legalized Marijuana Could Face Lifetime Bans From US, Warns Top Trump Border Official

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As Canada prepares to legalize marijuana nationwide beginning October 17th, a high-level official in the Trump administration says the United States will now start implementing possible lifetime bans on Canadian citizens who are cannabis users, industry workers, or investors.

In an extensive interview with Politico, Todd Owen, the executive assistant commissioner for the Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP) Office of Field Operations, said, “Our officers are not going to be asking everyone whether they have used marijuana, but if other questions lead there—or if there is a smell coming from the car, they might ask.”

If such history is learned about someone trying to cross the border, Owen explained, or they lie about it, “that’s fraud and misrepresentation, which carries a lifetime ban.”

As it stands, anyone who admits to using an illegal drug, regardless of its status in their home country, can be barred from entering the U.S.

While nearly all border states have some form of legalized marijuana use, it remains illegal under U.S. federal law, which classifies those who work in the marijuana industry as drug traffickers.

Travelers who receive lifetime bans are eligible to apply for a waiver, although it can take months to process and costs $585 to apply.

In a piece titled, “U.S. Border Policy on Pot Is About to Get Even Stupider,” Splinter‘s Sophie Weiner points out that upcoming “midterms could change all of this. If Democrats take the House, bills changing the legal definition of weed suddenly become more likely.”

Canada is currently the world’s only major industrialized nation to legalize retail marijuana. The Canadian cannabis sector is projected to generate billions of dollars of revenue in coming years and Canadians have flocked to take jobs and buy stocks in the flourishing industry.

by Common Dreams staff
Source: www.commondreams.org

KETOBHBA™ Optimises Everything we knew About Exogenous Ketone Supplementation

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Pharmamedical Research – validated with irrefutable research outcomes, recently published after peer-review. This unique research has also led to the full patent status awarded in August 2019.

In recent years, supplementation with exogenous ketones (ketone bodies) is skyrocketing to new levels. Therapeutic applications relating to dementia and other cognitive declines as well as performance-enhancing strategies (stamina improvement for marathoners and fat management initiatives) are all attracting attention due to the potent and promising effects of this supplementation. Nevertheless, available and competing information about these supplements is causing some confusion, with regulatory agencies trying to catch up to the messaging and claims. Here we unpack some new research related to Keto Supplementation.

KETOBHBA™ is the latest generation Keto supplement to have found its way into peer-reviewed published research. KETOBHBA™ is not a typical exogenous ketone; it is much more. KETOBHBA™ is an activated ketone; activated by the complexing of the beta-hydroxybutyrate (ketone body/BHB) with butyric acid (BA) – hence the name KETOBHBA™. Butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid, is an activator of β-oxidation to stimulate ketogenesis. It does not induce the same gastrointestinal distress risks that medium-chain triglycerides pose. Butyric acid supports serum glucose clearance to reduce competition by glucose in serum with the ketone while facilitating ketone generation (ketogenesis) by the liver. These pharmacological characteristics form the basis of the ‘activated ketone’ activity. Butyric acid also plays a central role in gastrointestinal health, supporting an environment that voids pathogens and nurtures friendly gut bacteria.

The boiled down the distinct difference between KETOBHBA™ and the typical exogenous ketone supplement, BHB, is very simply rendered down to KETOSIS versus KETOGENESIS. Butyric acid, the short-chain fatty acid is the key! The Ketone (BHB) will induce ketosis to increase serum ketones from an exogenous source.

The source of the ketones in the blood is the supplement, itself; and not ketones made by your body from your body fat (his will also STOP your body from using or burning its own fat). One needs to burn through these ketone calories before ‘burning’ endogenous (internal body) fat calories for energy. 

Alternatively, KETOBHBA™ is primarily designed to INDUCE KETOGENESIS to get the body to generate ketones from endogenous fat sources; to help you utilize serum fat as an energy source. The typical BHB supplements cause your own ketogenic activity to be terminated after you take the supplement. This inhibitive activity also topples the outcome we might be trying to achieve with the ketogenic diet. The ketogenic diet is designed with a low carbohydrate and high-fat macronutrient proportion to force the body to produce ketones – ketogenesis. However, an exogenous ketone supplement will stop this process. While KETOBHBA™ supplies the exogenous ketone it also supplies the signal to up-regulate β-oxidation, the process by which your body makes ketones, emulating and supporting the initiative of the vADS ketogenic diet and supporting the use of your body fat as an energy source. This ketone is then used by the cells to make energy – more energy for the cells than is typically made with glucose. The ketone is used to fuel your brain (neurons), so it operates at a higher level of efficiency. These ketones and the butyrate facilitate better insulin efficiency; blood sugar clearance to help those with prediabetic and diabetic insulin resistance and obesity. The graphs below are found in a related peer-reviewed journal article written by the Canadian researcher and published in ‘Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity’. 

The graphs’ description below has been translated to layman terms. Reference links are also provided below to two peer-reviewed medical journal articles speaking specifically to the BHB-BA technology and the discovery.

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